Manulife US REIT - Annual Report 2021

ANNUAL REPORT 2021 157 For the year ended 31 December 2021 Notes to the Financial Statements 3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D) 3.4 Financial instruments (cont’d) Derivative financial instruments The Group holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met. Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and any directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in profit or loss. The Group does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Group has not elected to apply hedge accounting for its derivative financial instruments. Preferred units Preferred units are classified as financial liabilities if they are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the holders of such units, or if dividend payments are not discretionary. Non-discretionary dividends thereon are recognised as finance expense in profit or loss as accrued. Preferred units are recognised initially at fair value and any directly attributable transaction costs. 3.5 Impairment Non-derivative financial assets The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all trade and other receivables. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. The Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. In certain cases, the Group may consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. Non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than investment properties, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating units (“CGU”) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.